1. Observe and investigate failure phenomena:
Electrical failure phenomena are diverse. For example, the same type of failure may have different failure phenomena, and different types of failures may have the same type of failure phenomenon. The identity and diversity of this type of failure phenomenon brings complexity to the troubleshooting. However, the fault phenomenon is the basic basis for repairing electrical faults and the starting point of electrical fault repairing. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully observe and analyze the fault phenomenon to find out the most important and typical aspects of the fault phenomenon, and find out the time when the fault occurs. , Location, environment, etc.
2. Analyze the cause of the fault-initially determine the scope of the fault and reduce the fault location:
Analyzing the cause of the failure based on the failure phenomenon is the key to electrical troubleshooting. The basis of the analysis is the basic theory of electrical engineering and electronics, a full understanding of the structure, principle, and performance of electrical equipment, and the combination of the basic theory of electrical engineering and electronics with actual failures. There may be many reasons for a certain electrical fault. It is important to find the main reason among the many reasons;
3. Determine the location of the fault and determine the point of failure:
Determining the fault location is the final day and result of electrical fault repair. Determining the fault location can be understood as determining the fault point of the equipment, such as short-circuit points, damaged components, etc., can also be understood as determining the variation of certain operating parameters, such as voltage fluctuations, three-phase imbalance, etc. The fault location is determined on the basis of thorough investigation and detailed analysis of the fault phenomenon. In this process, a variety of means and methods that will be introduced below are often used.
In the process of completing the above work, the accumulation of practical experience plays an important role.
Eight tips for electrical troubleshooting1. Familiar with the circuit principle, determine the maintenance plan:
When the electrical system of a piece of equipment fails, don’t rush to disassemble it. First, understand the phenomenon, process, scope, and cause of the electrical equipment’s failure. Familiar with the basic working principle of the equipment and electrical system, and analyze each specific circuit. Find out the interconnection between the various levels in the circuit and the ins and outs of the signal in the circuit, combine actual experience, and after careful consideration, determine a scientific maintenance plan.
2. First machine loss, then circuit:
Electrical equipment is based on the electrical-mechanical principle, especially the advanced equipment of mechatronics. The mechanical and electronic functions are organically coordinated, and they are two parts of a whole. Often mechanical components fail, which affects the electrical system, and the functions of many electrical components do not work. So don't be confused by the superficial phenomenon. The failure of the electrical system is not all the electrical problem, it may be caused by the failure of the mechanical parts. Therefore, if the faults caused by the mechanical system are repaired first, and then the faults of the electrical part are eliminated, it will often get twice the result with half the effort.
3. Simple first, complicated later:
To repair the fault, first use the simplest and most proficient method to deal with it, and then use the complex and precise method. When troubleshooting, first eliminate intuitive, obvious, simple and common faults. Troubleshoot difficult and unhandled faults afterwards.
4. Check and repair common diseases first, and difficult and complicated diseases afterwards:
Electrical equipment is often prone to the same type of failure is a "common problem". Since common diseases are more common and accumulated experience is richer, they can be eliminated quickly. In this way, you can concentrate your energy and time to eliminate rare, difficult, and weird incurable diseases, simplify the steps, narrow the scope, and increase the speed of maintenance.
5. First external debugging, then internal processing:
External refers to the various switches, buttons, sockets and indicator lights that are exposed to the outside of the electrical equipment to complete the seal. Internal refers to the printed circuit board, components and various connecting wires inside the enclosure or seal of electrical equipment. First external debugging, then internal processing, that is, without disassembling the electrical equipment, use the switches, travel buttons, buttons, etc. on the electrical equipment panel to debug and check to narrow the scope of the fault. First remove the faults caused by the external components, and then repair the faults in the machine, try to avoid unnecessary disassembly.
6. Do not power-on measurement first, then power-on test:
First, check and repair the electrical equipment when it is not powered on: make sure that it can be powered on, and then check the electrical equipment when it is powered on. When inspecting and repairing many malfunctioning electrical equipment, the power cannot be turned on immediately, otherwise the fault range will be artificially expanded, more components will be burned, and undue losses will be caused. Therefore, before energizing the faulty machine. Perform resistance measurement first and take necessary measures before powering on for maintenance.
7. Public circuit first, dedicated circuit second:
If the utility circuit of any electrical system fails, its energy and information cannot be transmitted and distributed to each specific dedicated circuit, and the function of the dedicated circuit will be affected, and the performance will not work. If the power supply of an electrical device fails, the entire system cannot operate normally, and the energy and information transmitted to various dedicated circuits cannot be realized. Therefore, following the order of the public circuit first and then the dedicated circuit, the faults of the electrical equipment can be quickly and accurately eliminated.
8. Summarize experience. Improve efficiency
The failures of electrical equipment are varied and strange. After any faulty electrical equipment is overhauled, the fault phenomenon, cause, overhaul process, skills, and experience should be recorded in a special notebook to learn and master the mechanical and electrical theoretical knowledge of various new electrical equipment, be familiar with its working principle, and accumulate maintenance experience , To elevate one's own experience to theory. Under the guidance of theory, the specific analysis of specific faults can eliminate the faults accurately and quickly. Only in this way can I train myself to be an expert in repairing electrical faults.
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