The 3GPP has set a 5G standard to begin this year, with the goal of commercializing 5G by 2020. At this stage, government agencies, research institutions, and major telecom companies such as Verizon, NTT DOCOMO, and Korea Telecom have already started preparing for 5G, aiming to lead the market in commercialization.
Although 4G can still handle today's mobile internet demands, the need to support the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine (M2M) networks is driving global efforts. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and leading countries in Europe, America, and Asia are all developing 5G plans and are determined to launch it by 2020.
ITU has established a timeline for 5G development, with 3GPP starting its standardization work this year. The vision for 5G includes high-speed mobile networks available everywhere, enabling not only more convenient communication but also smart homes, intelligent transportation, e-learning, smart agriculture, telemedicine, and virtual reality.
In Europe, the METIS project focuses on direct device-to-device networking (D2D), ultra-reliable communication, ultra-dense networks (UDN), large-scale machine communication, and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks. Compared to 4G, 5G is expected to offer a network traffic increase of 1,000 times, a ten to hundredfold growth in connected devices (up to 5.5 trillion units), peak speeds of 10 Gbit/s, and lower latency and power consumption—some devices could last up to 10 years on a single battery.
To achieve this, experts suggest improving spectrum efficiency through technologies like Massive MIMO, Co-Frequency Full Duplex (CFD), Network MIMO, and Beamforming. Expanding spectrum via dynamic sharing, LAA/LWA/LSA, millimeter waves, and carrier aggregation, along with increasing network density using SON and C-RAN, will be key.
By 2020, international organizations are setting standards. In June 2015, ITU announced the IMT-2020 plan, detailing future 5G requirements and timelines. 3GPP began discussing 5G in early 2016, aiming to finalize the standard by late 2018 and reach commercial goals by 2020.
LTE evolution and new 5G technologies will coexist. LTE improvements include eFD-MIMO, Dynamic Beam-Cell, eD2D, eMTC, and Multi-RAT, while 5G innovations focus on millimeter waves, beamforming, OFDM, Massive Connectivity, UDN, and Network Function Virtualization.
Beyond standards, European and American telecom operators, equipment vendors, and academic institutions are actively investing in 5G. In Europe, the METIS project and 5GPPP initiative have received significant funding to drive research and industrial development. In the U.S., Verizon, Qualcomm, and others are conducting field tests and collaborating on 5G trials.
Asia is also making strides. China launched the IMT-2020 group in 2013 and has been conducting R&D trials since 2016. Japan and South Korea aim to showcase 5G at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, respectively. Companies like NTT DOCOMO and KT are working with global partners to advance 5G.
Despite these efforts, challenges remain. Standards are still evolving, and the race to commercialize 5G is intense. Whether it’s Europe, the U.S., or Asia, each region is striving to become a leader in the next generation of wireless technology. As the saying goes, “The weak wait for the opportunity, the strong make the opportunity.†With 5G promising transformative applications like IoT, the competition is just beginning.
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A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beeper include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
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