The 3GPP has set a 5G standard to start this year and aims to commercialize 5G by 2020. At this stage, government agencies, research institutions, and major telecom companies such as Verizon, NTT DOCOMO, and Korea Telecom have already started their 5G preparations, striving to lead the market in the next generation of wireless technology.
Although 4G can still handle today's mobile internet needs, the growing demand for the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine (M2M) networks has pushed the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and leading countries in Europe, America, and Asia to launch comprehensive 5G development plans. They are determined to roll out 5G by 2020.
The ITU established a timeline for 5G, and the 3GPP began its standardization process this year. Looking ahead, the general public imagines 5G as a high-speed mobile network that is always available, offering more convenient communication and enabling new applications like smart homes, intelligent transportation, smart education, agriculture, healthcare, and virtual reality.
The European Union’s METIS project envisions 5G as a network with direct device-to-device communication (D2D), ultra-reliable communication, ultra-dense networks (UDN), large-scale machine communication, and mobile networks such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V).
Compared to 4G, 5G is expected to support a 1,000-fold increase in network traffic, with 10 to 100 times more connected devices—up to 55 billion units. It will offer peak data rates of up to 10 Gbps, with lower latency and power consumption, potentially allowing devices to last up to 10 years on a single battery.
To achieve this, experts suggest improving spectrum efficiency through technologies like Massive MIMO, Co-Frequency Full Duplex (CFDD), Network MIMO, and beamforming. Expanding the use of dynamic spectrum sharing, millimeter waves, carrier aggregation, and increasing network density via SON and C-RAN can also help boost capacity.
In order to reach the 5G goals by 2020, international organizations have already begun setting standards. In June 2015, the ITU announced the IMT-2020 plan, detailing future 5G requirements and timelines. The 3GPP started discussing 5G in early 2016, aiming to finalize the standard by the end of 2018 and achieve commercial deployment by 2020.
Europe has been actively pushing 5G through projects like METIS and 5GPPP since 2012. With a budget of 1.4 billion euros, 5GPPP brings together European ICT industries, SMEs, and the European Commission to accelerate 5G development. Ericsson and other European players are collaborating with universities and research institutes to build pilot projects across various sectors.
In the U.S., Verizon and Qualcomm are leading the charge, planning field tests in 2016 and full deployment in 2017. They are working with Cisco, Nokia, Samsung, and others to develop 5G solutions.
Asia is also making significant strides. China established the IMT-2020 promotion group in 2013 and launched R&D trials in 2016. Huawei and ZTE are playing key roles in global 5G efforts, including building experimental networks for the 2018 World Cup. Japan and South Korea are focusing on showcasing 5G at major events like the Tokyo Olympics in 2020 and the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics in 2018.
Despite these efforts, challenges remain. Standards are still evolving, and while some countries may showcase 5G during sporting events, full commercial deployment is likely to come later. As the competition intensifies, the race for 5G leadership continues to shape the future of connectivity and innovation worldwide.
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