What is P2P technology? P2P is an abbreviation for peer-to-peer. In English, peer has the meaning of "equivalent", "colleague" and "partner". Therefore, P2P can also be understood as "partner-to-partner" or peer-to-peer networking. P2P technology has been receiving widespread attention since its introduction. In recent years, P2P technology has developed rapidly. At present, there is no standard definition of P2P in the industry. Intel defines P2P technology as "sharing computer resources and information through direct exchange between systems". These resources and services include information exchange, processor clock, cache and Disk space, etc. IBM has given P2P a broader definition of it as a system of interconnected computers with one of several features: the system relies on active collaboration of marginalized (non-centralized server) devices, each Members benefit directly from the participation of other members rather than the server; members of the system play the role of both the server and the client; users of the system application can recognize each other and form a virtual or actual group.
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Simply put, P2P technology is a technology used to exchange data or services directly between different PC users without relaying devices. The network communication method is shown in Figure 1. It breaks the traditional Client/Server model. In a peer-to-peer network, each node has the same status, with both client and server features, and can serve as both a service consumer and a service provider. Due to the rapid development of P2P technology, the storage mode of the Internet will be changed from the current "content-centered" mode to the "content-based edge" mode, changing the current Internet-centric status of the Internet and returning to "non-centralized". The power is returned to the user.
At present, P2P has strong technical advantages in network TV, file sharing, distributed computing, network security, online communication and even enterprise computing and e-commerce applications. Simply put, P2P directly connects people and allows people to interact directly through the Internet. P2P makes communication on the network easier and more directly shared and interactive. P2P means that people can connect directly to other users' computers and exchange files instead of connecting to the server to browse and download as in the past. P2P seems to be very new, but just as B2C and B2B are porting things that are commonplace in the real world to the Internet, in real life we ​​communicate and communicate face to face or by phone every day according to the P2P model.
The essence of P2P is that there is no central node (or central server) in the entire network. In the P2P structure, each node (Peer) has the functions of information consumer, information provider and information communicator. The rights and obligations of each node in the P2P network are equal. In the P2P mode of operation, each client terminal is both a client and a server. It weakens the role of the server, and distributes the amount of information and cost resources evenly to all points on the Internet. This is the so-called "marginalization" trend, which eliminates the bottleneck caused by a single resource and can control and implement the nodes on the network. Load balancing. P2P technology can not only utilize the resources of the server, but also reasonably use the idle resources of the user's computer. While enjoying media programs, users are also using other resources available to their computers to provide services to other users. Therefore, it is possible to provide high quality and large capacity streaming service systems using P2P technology.
Application of P2P Technology in Network TV
IPTV is an interactive network TV. It is a brand-new technology that utilizes a broadband cable TV network and integrates various technologies such as Internet, multimedia, and communication to provide home users with a variety of interactive services including digital TV. It can adapt well to the rapid development of today's networks and make full and effective use of network resources. IPTV is different from traditional analog cable TV and classic digital TV. Both traditional and classic digital TVs have the characteristics of frequency division, timing, and one-way broadcasting. Although classic digital TV has many technological innovations compared to analog TV, it is only a change in signal form, but does not touch the way media content is transmitted. .
IPTV key technology
IPTV is the function of receiving video on demand programs, video broadcasts and surfing the Internet using a computer or set-top box + TV. It uses high-efficiency video compression technology to make the video streaming bandwidth close to DVD when it is at 800Kb/s (usually 3Mb/s for DVD streaming bandwidth), for future video-based services such as live video on the Internet. In the long-distance real video on demand, program source production, etc., there is a strong advantage, is a new technical concept. Characteristics and Application of IPTV IPTV is an infrastructure that utilizes a broadband cable television network to provide a variety of digital media services, including television programs, through a network protocol using home television as the primary terminal appliance.
With the further development of P2P research, P2P technology can design a carrier-grade audio and video service system, and the P2P technology playback software has made the development of network TV. P2P represents both a new technology and a new culture. From a technical point of view, it uses peer-to-peer communication between Peer and Peer to break the popular C/S master-slave mode of the current network. Innovation is also the return of the essence of the Internet. P2P has been loved by the majority of Internet users. At present, the main applications of Internet TV downloads include PPStream, Boiling Network TV, TVKoo, Cat Eye Network TV, QQ Live; bt, Baibao, KuGoo, and eMule. eMule), etc.; communication class Skype, etc. The development of IPTV has attracted many netizens, which can provide users with extremely rich services, such as VoD on-demand, Internet browsing, e-mail, various online information consultation, games, personal video recording, e-commerce, VOIP, instant messaging IM. Wait. P2P technology is more like a fish in the field of Internet TV, mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) File exchange, resource sharing: In the traditional WEB mode, file exchange must be carried out through the server. By uploading the file to a specific website, the user searches the website for the required file and then downloads it. The WEB server is required to provide effective services for access by a large number of users. In P2P mode, users can download directly from any online user's computer, thus truly achieving the peer-to-peer relationship between the personal computer and the server.
(2) Online communication, instant messaging: By using P2P client software, users can conduct instant conversations and discuss online programs to achieve real-time interaction. This not only increases the enthusiasm of users to watch online TV, but also promotes the interaction between media providers and media consumers.
(3) Fast search, peer-to-peer connection: The dynamic and peer-to-peer interconnection between nodes in the P2P network mode enables the search to be performed directly and in real time between peers, which ensures the real-time search. It goes beyond the depth, speed and range of traditional catalog search engines.
The traditional streaming service is mostly the client/server (C/S) mode as shown in Figure 2. The user clicks on the program from the streaming server, and then the streaming server pushes the media stream to the user in a unicast manner. When the streaming media service develops to a certain stage, the total number of users increases greatly. The defect of this C/S mode plus unicast mode to push the media stream is obvious (such as the bandwidth consumption of the streaming media server is large, and the streaming media server handles The capacity requirements are high.) Bandwidth, servers, etc. often become system bottlenecks, and the system's scalability is poor. The P2P streaming media technology formed by the P2P technology introduced into the streaming media transmission has the following advantages: First, the technology does not require the support of the Internet router and the network infrastructure, so it is cost-effective and easy to deploy; In this technology, streaming media users not only download media streams, but also upload media streams to other users. Therefore, this method can expand the size of user groups, and more demands bring more resources. At the same time, compared with many computers on the Internet, P2P applications are more concerned with the interconnection of low-end PCs than other applications. They do not have the same networking capabilities as servers. At the same time, the current hardware environment is more complicated for P2P applications. Thus, in terms of communication infrastructure, P2P must provide end-to-end location (addressing) and handshake techniques over existing hardware logic and underlying communication protocols to establish a stable connection. The technologies involved are IP address resolution, NAT routing, and firewalls. At present, the main technical mode of the Internet is the S/C mode. This method is to set up a high-performance computer with powerful processing power and large bandwidth on the Internet. With high-end server software, a large amount of data is stored in the above, and various installations are required. The service software can process other data on the Internet while providing data processing, providing or receiving data, providing processing power and other applications. For a PC that is connected to the server and is served by the server, this PC is the client and its performance can be relatively weak. One of the features of P2P technology is to weaken the role of the server, and even cancel the server. Any two PCs are servers and are clients, that is, peers.
The S/C method causes concentration on the Internet. Both information resources and cost resources are concentrated in the same direction. Such a model conforms to a one-to-many, strong-to-weak social relationship, such as government-to-individual, enterprise-to-business, and large-enterprise pairs. Small business, school-to-student, business-to-worker, etc. Although the "client/server" model is currently the dominant computing model on the Internet, in a sense, P2P computing can be said to be a return to traditional Internet technology, reflecting the nature of the Internet, because the Internet was originally The design goal is to allow computers on the network to communicate directly with each other without the need for an intermediary.
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