[Audio Network Information]
The sound source has different sounding parts. Each microphone has different sound collection range. Can you use different types of microphones to record the different characteristic sound sources perfectly? This is an important topic that audio workers can't ignore.
Today, there are many types of microphones that are often used. The most common types are dynamic coils, condensers, goosenecks, head-mounted and lavalier buttons. They each have their own pickup characteristics. It is widely used in different pickup situations.
1. Vocal microphone (Voice mic)
In the radio quotation room, people pick up vocal language programs, often using dynamic microphones and condenser microphones. The dynamic microphone is sturdy and durable, with high sensitivity and good directivity. The picked-up sound is clear, pure and soft, and the frequency response is in the range of 40 Hz to 16 kHz. The condenser microphone has good sound quality and high sensitivity. The picked-up sound is full, bright, subtle and exquisite. The frequency response is in the human ear audible band of 20 Hz-18 kHz. Capacitive microphones have good pointing characteristics, such as the Neumann U89i microphone. There are five pointing characteristics to choose from: omnidirectional, semi-circular, heart-shaped, super-cardioid and 8-shaped, which can be used in a variety of recording conditions.
In the form of broadcast language program host, the resolution is the main indicator. Most of them use heart-shaped, super-cardioid dynamic microphone or condenser microphone to pick up the sound. The heart-shaped pointing feature is a one-way pickup that only picks up the sound in front of it. When the angle between the mouth of the vocal and the center axis of the microphone is “0°â€, the output frequency of the microphone is the best. If the speaker sways on the face and neck when speaking, the swaying up and down, the mouth will deviate from the central axis of the microphone. The sound energy will drift or decay. The 8-shaped directional microphone is a two-way pointing feature, and the sound on the front and back of the microphone can be picked up and used for the pickup of interview programs.
The omnidirectional microphone can be recorded in the 360° range. For example, the Neumann U89i microphone has a large pickup area and can be used for a large number of pickups.
Recording broadcast language programs, not only should be familiar with the directional characteristics of the microphone, but also adjust the distance between the microphone and the sound source, the pickup distance affects the sound of the sound, and also the proportional relationship of the reverberation sound of the direct sound. The "straight mix ratio" affects the clarity of the sound. That is to say, the microphone is too close to the sound source, the low frequency is strengthened, the sound can not be separated into layers, and there is no sense of space; the microphone and the sound source are too far away, the vocal clarity is poor, the sound is faint, the direct sound is weakened, and the intelligibility is poor. The recording practice proves that under the condition of good indoor sound frequency equalization and uniform sound power distribution, the pitch angle of the microphone, the height of the microphone pole and the distance from the sound source are repeatedly adjusted and placed within the reverberation radius of the sound field. This is the best angle for the microphone to pick up the sound, and it is also the effective distance to pick up the sound, but also to ensure the clarity and fusion of the sound.
It is undeniable that there are still many factors that affect the clarity of the language, such as the "å™—å™—" sound in the voice. The phenomenon of the squirrel microphone is often present because the microphone diaphragm is vibrated under the impact of the sonic airflow, and when the vocal sound is too large, a click is heard. If this happens, you can slightly widen the pickup distance, slightly deviate from the direction of the airflow impact, or turn on the microphone gain reduction switch to eliminate distortion, reduce gain, and improve sound quality. The problem that the vocal loudness is too large and too small is also often present. When two or more sound sources are simultaneously sounded, people will have a different sound perception in their hearing. As far as people's ordinary speeches are concerned, everyone has their own vocal characteristics, their own tones, pitches, homophonic sounds, high and low sounds, strong and weak, whispering their sound energy 20-30 dB, loud The speech is about 60dB, and the voice audio bandwidth is in the range of 60 Hz-10 kHz. Therefore, the inconsistency of loudness when people speak may be the angle, orientation and pickup distance of the microphone when recording, or the quality, characteristics and frequency of the sound source are inconsistent. In the actual recording operation, using the mixer and peripheral devices to adjust the audio frequency bands is an important means to ensure audio equalization. In the broadcast quotation room or the news broadcast room, there are hardware peripheral devices such as equalizers, compressors, effects, frequency shifters, etc. This is an important recording method for beautifying the human voice color and ensuring the clarity of language programs.
The pickup of the television audio system is roughly the same as that of the broadcasting microphone. However, TV audio pickup requires a higher sensitivity and directivity index of the microphone.
At present, most of the cameras are equipped with two microphones, one of which is above the fuselage, and the microphone follows the camera, so that the main axis of the microphone pickup always points to the sound picture; the other microphone is used for the sound source around the camera. The pickup of the sound. The two microphones in the camera configuration generally have super-pointing characteristics, and the picked-up sounds always appear "simultaneously" in the same direction as the lens projection.
With the development of microphone technology, people have designed various types of microphones, hand-heldmic, clip-on mic (lavalier mic), goose-neck mic, to adapt to different The pickup environment. Especially in recent years, the microphone is more and more concealed, and the gooseneck is getting shorter and shorter. For example, when watching the TV screen of the CCTV news broadcast room, people can hardly see the pickup microphone, and there will be no cover for the host's face. A scene that interferes with the projected picture. The Goose-neck microphone and gun mic series are the most widely used conference microphones in recent years. These two models are highly sensitive and highly directional, and can clearly capture the voice of the speaker in front of the microphone, automatically suppressing ambient noise and feedback whistling. Suitable for live video and video conferencing, interviews, TV broadcasts and other occasions.
2, instrument microphone (instrement mic)
Musical instruments are an indispensable sound factor in music performance. The sound source is extremely complex, but the sounding components are nothing more than strings, membranes, springs, rods and air columns. From the perspective of a single sound source structure, the piano has a wide range of sounds, crisp high-pitched sound, full midrange, rich bass, and rich sound. Two microphones can be used, one in the high-pitched string and one in the bass string. The position of the quasi-string about 30 cm will pick up a crisp and full sound. The violin pulls the ponytail and rubs the strings. The sound is beautiful and shiny. You can choose the omnidirectional microphone to pick up the top of the bridge. The sound of the recording is soft and elegant. The cello sound is thick and thick, like the bass, and the pickup is also above the bridge. The wind instrument such as wood tube belongs to the air column vibrating sound. The heart-shaped dynamic microphone can be placed in the tube hole nearly 40 cm to obtain a soft and bright sound effect; the brass instrument trumpet, trombone and horn sound are loud and bright. The sounding part is at the bell mouth. When using the microphone, pay attention to the direction of the sound wave flow slightly deviated from the bell mouth, which is suitable for collecting in the sound source area other than 50cm. If a condenser microphone is used for pickup, it can be attenuated by 10 dB, which makes it possible to achieve good pickup. The drum set is a set of commonly used instrumental instruments during the performance of the show. Both the drum and the bass drum can be picked up by a heart-shaped dynamic microphone. The microphone and the drum surface are at an angle of 45°, and the microphone is placed at a height of 30 cm above the drum surface. Dynamic response. It is good to choose the heart-shaped condenser microphone, and the microphone can pick up the front sound in one direction. It sounds crisp, sharp, rhythm and rich in sound. It is a strong color instrument.
Pick up the live performance of a large concert, the situation is huge, the use of microphones, generally take the main microphone pickup method. The Neumann SM69 microphone has a large pickup area and can be used to pick up the sound field reverberation sound in X/Y and ORTf formats. The auxiliary microphone can be selected with U87 and U89 respectively placed in the middle of the stringed instrument group, the woodwind instrument group, the brass instrument group and the percussion instrument group. The brass and percussion instruments have a wide dynamic range, and the dynamic microphone can also achieve the ultimate acoustic effect.
When using a variety of microphones to pick up the sound, the auxiliary microphone can not be equally divided with the main microphone, the auxiliary microphone's pickup volume is smaller than the main microphone, otherwise it will affect the entire sound field effect.
The setting of the microphone should be fine. The vocal and musical instruments should be carefully arranged in the pickup position of the whole band. The pickup height, angle and pickup distance of each microphone must be carefully debugged, and must be in the "walking" preview. To adjust it. The relationship between the microphone and the vocal and music is also an important part of the adjustment. If the singer accounts for 60% of the sound field of the whole performance, the sound field of the instrument can only account for 40% of the loudness. According to the characteristics of the instrument and the change of the melody, the singing and the sound field It can also be adjusted in a ratio of 5:5. In the normal performance, the microphone and line adjustments are basically in place, and the vocal level is naturally ordered, and the band's seat sound image layout is reasonable.
In summary, the recording is learned, and the use of the microphone is exquisite, and must be carefully interpreted, sentimental, and carefully tasted. Digital equipment indicators are high, and they need to be carefully adjusted; no matter how good the sound source is, there are only human factors. Only when resources are complementary, used, left and right, and each has its own strength, can record the sound of natural harmony, and reproduce the familiarity. The pleasing humming effect.
The sound source has different sounding parts. Each microphone has different sound collection range. Can you use different types of microphones to record the different characteristic sound sources perfectly? This is an important topic that audio workers can't ignore.
Today, there are many types of microphones that are often used. The most common types are dynamic coils, condensers, goosenecks, head-mounted and lavalier buttons. They each have their own pickup characteristics. It is widely used in different pickup situations.
1. Vocal microphone (Voice mic)
In the radio quotation room, people pick up vocal language programs, often using dynamic microphones and condenser microphones. The dynamic microphone is sturdy and durable, with high sensitivity and good directivity. The picked-up sound is clear, pure and soft, and the frequency response is in the range of 40 Hz to 16 kHz. The condenser microphone has good sound quality and high sensitivity. The picked-up sound is full, bright, subtle and exquisite. The frequency response is in the human ear audible band of 20 Hz-18 kHz. Capacitive microphones have good pointing characteristics, such as the Neumann U89i microphone. There are five pointing characteristics to choose from: omnidirectional, semi-circular, heart-shaped, super-cardioid and 8-shaped, which can be used in a variety of recording conditions.
In the form of broadcast language program host, the resolution is the main indicator. Most of them use heart-shaped, super-cardioid dynamic microphone or condenser microphone to pick up the sound. The heart-shaped pointing feature is a one-way pickup that only picks up the sound in front of it. When the angle between the mouth of the vocal and the center axis of the microphone is “0°â€, the output frequency of the microphone is the best. If the speaker sways on the face and neck when speaking, the swaying up and down, the mouth will deviate from the central axis of the microphone. The sound energy will drift or decay. The 8-shaped directional microphone is a two-way pointing feature, and the sound on the front and back of the microphone can be picked up and used for the pickup of interview programs.
The omnidirectional microphone can be recorded in the 360° range. For example, the Neumann U89i microphone has a large pickup area and can be used for a large number of pickups.
Recording broadcast language programs, not only should be familiar with the directional characteristics of the microphone, but also adjust the distance between the microphone and the sound source, the pickup distance affects the sound of the sound, and also the proportional relationship of the reverberation sound of the direct sound. The "straight mix ratio" affects the clarity of the sound. That is to say, the microphone is too close to the sound source, the low frequency is strengthened, the sound can not be separated into layers, and there is no sense of space; the microphone and the sound source are too far away, the vocal clarity is poor, the sound is faint, the direct sound is weakened, and the intelligibility is poor. The recording practice proves that under the condition of good indoor sound frequency equalization and uniform sound power distribution, the pitch angle of the microphone, the height of the microphone pole and the distance from the sound source are repeatedly adjusted and placed within the reverberation radius of the sound field. This is the best angle for the microphone to pick up the sound, and it is also the effective distance to pick up the sound, but also to ensure the clarity and fusion of the sound.
It is undeniable that there are still many factors that affect the clarity of the language, such as the "å™—å™—" sound in the voice. The phenomenon of the squirrel microphone is often present because the microphone diaphragm is vibrated under the impact of the sonic airflow, and when the vocal sound is too large, a click is heard. If this happens, you can slightly widen the pickup distance, slightly deviate from the direction of the airflow impact, or turn on the microphone gain reduction switch to eliminate distortion, reduce gain, and improve sound quality. The problem that the vocal loudness is too large and too small is also often present. When two or more sound sources are simultaneously sounded, people will have a different sound perception in their hearing. As far as people's ordinary speeches are concerned, everyone has their own vocal characteristics, their own tones, pitches, homophonic sounds, high and low sounds, strong and weak, whispering their sound energy 20-30 dB, loud The speech is about 60dB, and the voice audio bandwidth is in the range of 60 Hz-10 kHz. Therefore, the inconsistency of loudness when people speak may be the angle, orientation and pickup distance of the microphone when recording, or the quality, characteristics and frequency of the sound source are inconsistent. In the actual recording operation, using the mixer and peripheral devices to adjust the audio frequency bands is an important means to ensure audio equalization. In the broadcast quotation room or the news broadcast room, there are hardware peripheral devices such as equalizers, compressors, effects, frequency shifters, etc. This is an important recording method for beautifying the human voice color and ensuring the clarity of language programs.
The pickup of the television audio system is roughly the same as that of the broadcasting microphone. However, TV audio pickup requires a higher sensitivity and directivity index of the microphone.
At present, most of the cameras are equipped with two microphones, one of which is above the fuselage, and the microphone follows the camera, so that the main axis of the microphone pickup always points to the sound picture; the other microphone is used for the sound source around the camera. The pickup of the sound. The two microphones in the camera configuration generally have super-pointing characteristics, and the picked-up sounds always appear "simultaneously" in the same direction as the lens projection.
With the development of microphone technology, people have designed various types of microphones, hand-heldmic, clip-on mic (lavalier mic), goose-neck mic, to adapt to different The pickup environment. Especially in recent years, the microphone is more and more concealed, and the gooseneck is getting shorter and shorter. For example, when watching the TV screen of the CCTV news broadcast room, people can hardly see the pickup microphone, and there will be no cover for the host's face. A scene that interferes with the projected picture. The Goose-neck microphone and gun mic series are the most widely used conference microphones in recent years. These two models are highly sensitive and highly directional, and can clearly capture the voice of the speaker in front of the microphone, automatically suppressing ambient noise and feedback whistling. Suitable for live video and video conferencing, interviews, TV broadcasts and other occasions.
2, instrument microphone (instrement mic)
Musical instruments are an indispensable sound factor in music performance. The sound source is extremely complex, but the sounding components are nothing more than strings, membranes, springs, rods and air columns. From the perspective of a single sound source structure, the piano has a wide range of sounds, crisp high-pitched sound, full midrange, rich bass, and rich sound. Two microphones can be used, one in the high-pitched string and one in the bass string. The position of the quasi-string about 30 cm will pick up a crisp and full sound. The violin pulls the ponytail and rubs the strings. The sound is beautiful and shiny. You can choose the omnidirectional microphone to pick up the top of the bridge. The sound of the recording is soft and elegant. The cello sound is thick and thick, like the bass, and the pickup is also above the bridge. The wind instrument such as wood tube belongs to the air column vibrating sound. The heart-shaped dynamic microphone can be placed in the tube hole nearly 40 cm to obtain a soft and bright sound effect; the brass instrument trumpet, trombone and horn sound are loud and bright. The sounding part is at the bell mouth. When using the microphone, pay attention to the direction of the sound wave flow slightly deviated from the bell mouth, which is suitable for collecting in the sound source area other than 50cm. If a condenser microphone is used for pickup, it can be attenuated by 10 dB, which makes it possible to achieve good pickup. The drum set is a set of commonly used instrumental instruments during the performance of the show. Both the drum and the bass drum can be picked up by a heart-shaped dynamic microphone. The microphone and the drum surface are at an angle of 45°, and the microphone is placed at a height of 30 cm above the drum surface. Dynamic response. It is good to choose the heart-shaped condenser microphone, and the microphone can pick up the front sound in one direction. It sounds crisp, sharp, rhythm and rich in sound. It is a strong color instrument.
Pick up the live performance of a large concert, the situation is huge, the use of microphones, generally take the main microphone pickup method. The Neumann SM69 microphone has a large pickup area and can be used to pick up the sound field reverberation sound in X/Y and ORTf formats. The auxiliary microphone can be selected with U87 and U89 respectively placed in the middle of the stringed instrument group, the woodwind instrument group, the brass instrument group and the percussion instrument group. The brass and percussion instruments have a wide dynamic range, and the dynamic microphone can also achieve the ultimate acoustic effect.
When using a variety of microphones to pick up the sound, the auxiliary microphone can not be equally divided with the main microphone, the auxiliary microphone's pickup volume is smaller than the main microphone, otherwise it will affect the entire sound field effect.
The setting of the microphone should be fine. The vocal and musical instruments should be carefully arranged in the pickup position of the whole band. The pickup height, angle and pickup distance of each microphone must be carefully debugged, and must be in the "walking" preview. To adjust it. The relationship between the microphone and the vocal and music is also an important part of the adjustment. If the singer accounts for 60% of the sound field of the whole performance, the sound field of the instrument can only account for 40% of the loudness. According to the characteristics of the instrument and the change of the melody, the singing and the sound field It can also be adjusted in a ratio of 5:5. In the normal performance, the microphone and line adjustments are basically in place, and the vocal level is naturally ordered, and the band's seat sound image layout is reasonable.
In summary, the recording is learned, and the use of the microphone is exquisite, and must be carefully interpreted, sentimental, and carefully tasted. Digital equipment indicators are high, and they need to be carefully adjusted; no matter how good the sound source is, there are only human factors. Only when resources are complementary, used, left and right, and each has its own strength, can record the sound of natural harmony, and reproduce the familiarity. The pleasing humming effect.
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