Japan, Europe and the United States have used robots to participate in industrial manufacturing. From the various publicity videos and the evaluations of the industry, the technology of industrial robots is very mature. Industrial robots not only improve production efficiency but also improve product quality. Why not promote it in China? Regardless of policy or technical reasons, this article discusses this issue!
The words "industry upgrade and transformation" have been heard since the beginning of the country. Now the country has been calling for more than ten years at the central level, but it really means that the industry upgrade and transformation are imminent, and the time period of not upgrading without transformation will also be dead. It’s 08 years later, but I think it’s strict to say that it should start in 11 years, that is, in recent years, everyone really realized that manufacturing automation is imminent, because although China’s labor costs have been rising for more than a decade or two, But since the 4 trillion chicken blood after 2008 and the subsequent inflation index soared, the sudden increase in labor costs and other costs has made entrepreneurs realize that the labor is expensive and the artificial manufacturing is not sustainable.
Therefore, the industrial upgrading and automation in the past two years, that is, the “two transformations†proposed by the state – informationization and automation, have risen to the national strategy, and the central level has attached great importance to it. The top-level design, of course, the state is strongly supported and supported, and is also subsidizing many enterprises that carry out automation and upgrading. On the fiscal front, bank loans also give priority to this type of enterprise, which is the so-called advanced industry. Therefore, at the national level, it is strongly encouraged to develop and apply on a large scale, and the subject asks why it is not used for large-scale promotion and application, I would like to say, This is not the reason why the state does not support it, but the problem of China's manufacturing industry, which leads to a heartlessness.
Since the state encourages and subsidizes, why is it that the large-scale application and promotion in the country is not a large number of robot companies?
First of all, the industrial robot industry is an advanced industry encouraged and promoted by the state. The preferential policies and policies in all aspects are favorable, and with the favor of domestic and foreign capital, there are naturally more such enterprises.
Secondly, in the past, most of China's manufacturing industry was low-end manufacturing and labor-intensive. That is to say, although there are many factories in China and there are many tens of thousands of employees in thousands of factories, the real profit is not much, big. Some factories seem to have a lot of employees, but they are all at low prices and barely survive. For example, clothing, shoes and hats companies, thousands of employees, in fact, a pair of shoes and a pair of shoes will earn a few dollars, and some not yet. So why can such a low-margin product accommodate this expensive industrial robot?
Viewpoint 1:First, the automation of the manufacturing industry is really not solved by your previous industrial robot. Because industrial robots have no feelings, no thinking and thinking ability, everything goes according to the procedure, which means that you have to program in advance. Tell the robot how to do it, where I put it, where to move it, and where to execute the corresponding command at the specified time. To do this, there must be an important supporting device - the fixture, the fixture is a fixed product. The position is generally in the set position, and then the position is told to the robot through the program.
The representative of the second robot is the robot. The robot has six degrees of freedom. The greater the degree of freedom, the more flexible it is. Just like the human hand, the binding limits the freedom and the flexibility is reduced, so you can't get it. Something on the spot.
Third, the robot does not have any emotions, so how to make it feel, then use the sensor, let the robot perceive the temperature and position and other information, feel it, just like the human nerve, feel it, there must be feedback and correction loop, This "execution nerve" is related to software and hardware such as servo motors, control systems, programming software, and sensors. Technicians are needed for every step of the way.
4. An automated product line that uses robots involves the industrial workers who operate it, the engineers and programmers who direct it, the fixtures, and the logistics technicians who maintain it.
Based on the above-mentioned 12, 3, 4, from the perspective of hardware and software, there is currently no servo motor with high stability and high precision in China. On the components such as sensors used in robots, domestic technology is not very high, although there are, The quality is really not very good, this can pay attention to China's military strength (but not to see the international superiority, self-help intellectual property and other categories of superiority reports. This means to import, the current use of more Japanese products It also pushes up the price of robots. In addition, although there are vocational schools and colleges in China that train technicians, there is really not much to be able to design fixtures and write robot programs independently. This means the cost of using such industrial workers. In addition, the current six-degree-of-freedom robot with the highest degree of freedom in the world, China's current technology depends on how many years it still does not know, the higher the degree of freedom, the more technical difficulty, the price is not cheap.
Therefore, from the current point of view, domestic robot manufacturing and industrial technicians are still not available. Robot manufacturing mainly relies on the robot factories in Japan and other countries in China (the domestic companies that are everywhere are neglecting a bit low-end High-quality software and hardware are also dependent on imports. Industrial technicians are scarce and costly. The programming software here also basically uses foreign software, as well as control systems. Just like the human brain, there are also clever and stupid differences. It is stable. Sex, the domestic control system seems to be basically blank! Then the cost of this road is not affordable for most low-end manufacturing companies in China.
Finally, let's talk about it, it is not basically not, but mainly used in such joint ventures as automobile factories and some large and powerful enterprises. Some SMEs with promising products also have applications, but there are really not many (if you are one) Engineers who understand robots, are you willing to go to SMEs? But no matter what, China will continue to improve, but the road is really far away!
View two:Industrial robots can do a limited job.
First of all, it is the end effector, which is usually a clip, so the objects that can be grasped are limited. There is an experiment in Japan that is capable of grasping a variety of object robots (such as dexterous hands). But once it's a multi-type object, add additional sensors, such as a camera, which will involve machine vision, which is another problem. If you grab the flexible body, it is a bit of a pit. Therefore, it is generally possible to complete a single repetitive work task;
The second is the load-to-mass ratio (the ratio of the mass of the object that can be grasped by the mechanical wall to its own mass), but the series mechanical structure has limited load capacity;
Third, the problem of force. The weight limit enables the grabbing and also involves dynamics problems, especially high speed and high load high precision (and involving the motor), which is a troublesome problem. At present, kinematics is generally used (of course, there are cumulative errors, friction, noise, etc.). At present, academic dynamics research is more effective than ever----It is quite difficult to let a robot arm quickly and repeatedly grab eggs. ;
Fourth, multi-mechanical arm cooperation, but this is not a very mature technology, can be industrial-grade is N people, the school does not say;
Fifth, the working space, the industrial robot arm has a small working space. If you switch to a mobile machine, you can look at RoboCup@Work, and the actual application will take several years.
The last question: the program and hardware (to complete the trajectory planning, obstacle avoidance is still a bit difficult), but as long as there is a market in the country, it should be no problem.
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