The electric car market wants to sail? Have to solve the problem of the battery first

Electric vehicle energy supply methods have different requirements

Power battery is the energy source of electric vehicles, and it is also one of the most important factors restricting the development of electric vehicle technology and industry. In response to various problems of electric vehicle batteries, the author interviewed Liu Chang, deputy director of the Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Energy Saving Technology Research Office of the Institute of Electricity and Energy Efficiency of the Chinese Academy of Electric Power. He analyzed the current problems of electric vehicle batteries from a technical point of view and also gave suggestions.

Liu Chang introduced that in the current mature battery types, most of the negative electrodes use carbon materials, and the positive electrode uses lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, and ternary materials, but both have high cost, long cycle life, and limited storage capacity. Safety has not been fundamentally solved: Lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese oxide battery, and ternary material battery are difficult to meet the final development requirements of electric vehicle cruising range; high specific energy (specific energy refers to the unit mass of battery participating in electrode reaction) The lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-air battery characterized by the amount of electric energy emitted by the electrode material are still in the laboratory research stage, and there is still a big gap from the practical use; the lithium manganese phosphate, high-capacity lithium-rich materials and the like have higher systems. The specific energy, but there are technical problems such as material preparation, electrolyte matching, etc., and it is difficult to break through in a short time.

Summary of problems with lithium batteries for electric vehicles

Liu Chang believes that in order to solve the problems of virtual battery power battery capacity, long charging time, safety performance, etc., the electric vehicle energy supply mode should be switched to AC slow charging, DC fast charging and battery replacement.

The AC slow charging method can reduce the heat generation of the battery during charging, improve the charging efficiency and prolong the battery life, but the charging time is longer. The DC fast charging method can greatly shorten the charging time, but the frequent high current fast charging puts higher requirements on the battery life. The battery replacement method can solve the problem of insufficient mileage of the electric vehicle to a certain extent, and at the same time, the battery life is prolonged by the centralized management and the use of the battery pack, but the professional requirement for the battery replacement is high. Therefore, the fundamental solution to the actual problems of electric vehicle battery capacity and cruising range depends on its own characteristics.

“It is expected that the battery price will decrease significantly every five years”

The main reason for the high cost of power batteries is that large-scale production and technical level restrictions have not yet been formed.

In response to this problem, Liu Chang also gave relevant suggestions: First, improve battery cycle life and reduce battery cost by adopting new battery technology. Specifically, it includes the use of a graphene battery and a supercapacitor to reduce the size and weight of the battery and extend the battery life; the semi-solid flow battery system is used to reduce the size of the electric vehicle battery system and greatly increase the specific energy of the battery; with the new water lithium battery, Realize the rapid filling of electric vehicle power batteries. It is conservatively estimated that the new battery technology will be updated every five years, so it is expected that the battery price will be significantly reduced every five years. Second, reduce battery manufacturing costs. The cost of the power battery is mainly composed of a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a separator, an electrolyte, a copper aluminum foil, etc., so it is necessary to reduce the cost of key materials, such as through fixed-scale production, sharing fixed investment; continuous production, improving product stability, and the like. In addition, the reuse of power lithium batteries can also reduce costs. The reuse of power lithium battery refers to the intermediate link between the recycling of new energy vehicles and power lithium batteries, and the use of power batteries after the disassembly, detection and classification of the power batteries after use. Achieve 30%~60% cost reduction of power battery.

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